CentOS中使用Packstack(RDO)快速部署OpenStack单节点实验环境

发表于 2023-01-31 更新于 2024-02-19 阅读次数：本文字数： 3k 阅读时长 ≈ 11 分钟

Packstack主要是由Redhat推出的用于概念验证（PoC）环境快速部署的工具。Packstack是一个命令行工具，它使用Python封装了Puppet模块，通过SSH在服务器上部署OpenStack。使用Packstack可以快速部署一套OpenStack环境，适合初学者用来体验OpenStack的功能，熟悉基础的OpenStack命令。但是因为隐藏了技术细节，还是需要仔细查看OpenStack官方文档，然后一步步手工安装OpenStack的各个组件，来加深对OpenStack的理解。

Packstack官方文档：https://www.rdoproject.org/install/packstack/
OpenStack官方文档：https://docs.openstack.org/

OpenStack与CentOS兼容情况

OpenStack版本	RedHat6/CentOS6	RedHat7/CentOS7	RedHat8/CentOS8	RedHat9/CentOS9
Diablo	√	×	x	x
Essex	√	×	x	x
Folsom	√	×	x	x
Grizzly	√	×	x	x
Havana	√	×	x	x
Icehouse	√	√	x	x
Juno	x	√	x	x
Kilo	x	√	x	x
Liberty	x	√	x	x
Mitaka	x	√	x	x
Newton	x	√	x	x
Ocata	x	√	x	x
Pike	x	√	x	x
Queens	x	√	x	x
Rocky	x	√	x	x
Stein	x	√	x	x
Train	x	√	√	x
Ussuri	x	x	√	x
Victoria	x	x	√	x
Wallaby	x	x	√	x
Xena	x	x	√	x
Yoga	x	x	√	√
Zed	x	x	x	√
Antelope	x	x	x	√

环境规划

主机名	配置	操作系统	IP地址	OpenStack版本	备注
allinone	4核8G	CentOS7.9(最小化安装)	10.211.55.4	Rocky	开启虚拟化支持

系统初始化

配置主机名

1	hostnamectl set-hostname allinone

添加本地host解析

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3

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
10.211.55.4    allinone
EOF

关闭NetworkManager服务

1 2	systemctl stop NetworkManager systemctl disable NetworkManager

关闭防火墙

1 2	systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld

关闭selinux

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setenforce 0
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
reboot

安装软件库

更新已安装的软件包

1	yum update -y

安装RDO库

1	yum install https://rdo.fedorapeople.org/rdo-release.rpm -y

说明
CentOS7上最新支持OpenStack Train版本，因此上述命令安装的是OpenStack Train版本的RDO库，如果想要安装OpenStack之前的版本，可以访问https://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/openstack/找到对应版本的rpm文件安装即可。例如本文要安装的是OpenStack Rocky版，安装命令如下

1	yum install https://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/openstack/openstack-rocky/rdo-release-rocky-2.noarch.rpm -y

安装Packstack

1	yum install openstack-packstack -y

安装OpenStack

快速运行

执行以下命令在本机上部署所有服务

1	packstack --allinone

说明
可以通过执行packstack --help查询命令参数，并根据实际情况配置选择安装哪些服务，指定部分配置。以下是我剔除部分非必须服务并增加外部网卡配置参数的命令，其中os-neutron-ovs-bridge-interfaces参数的网卡名称需根据实际环境修改

packstack --allinone --os-swift-install=n --os-aodh-install=n --os-heat-install=n --os-heat-cfn-install=n --os-ceilometer-install=n --provision-demo=n --provision-tempest=n --os-neutron-ovs-bridge-mappings=extnet:br-ex --os-neutron-ovs-bridge-interfaces=br-ex:eth0

非交互式运行

使用下述命令生成一个answer file

1	packstack --gen-answer-file=config.txt

编辑answer file文件,每个配置项都含有详细的说明，例如我们不想安装glance，只需要将CONFIG_GLANCE_INSTALL设置为n即可

[general]

# Path to a public key to install on servers. If a usable key has not
# been installed on the remote servers, the user is prompted for a
# password and this key is installed so the password will not be
# required again.
CONFIG_SSH_KEY=/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

# Default password to be used everywhere (overridden by passwords set
# for individual services or users).
CONFIG_DEFAULT_PASSWORD=

# The amount of service workers/threads to use for each service.
# Useful to tweak when you have memory constraints. Defaults to the
# amount of cores on the system.
CONFIG_SERVICE_WORKERS=%{::processorcount}

# Specify 'y' to install MariaDB. ['y', 'n']
CONFIG_MARIADB_INSTALL=y

# Specify 'y' to install OpenStack Image Service (glance). ['y', 'n']
CONFIG_GLANCE_INSTALL=y

......

运行以下命令开始部署

1	packstack --answer-file=config.txt

安装成功后会出现**** Installation completed successfully ******的提示，类似如下。

 **** Installation completed successfully ******

Additional information:
 * A new answerfile was created in: /root/packstack-answers-20230131-235826.txt
 * Time synchronization installation was skipped. Please note that unsynchronized time on server instances might be problem for some OpenStack components.
 * File /root/keystonerc_admin has been created on OpenStack client host 10.211.55.4. To use the command line tools you need to source the file.
 * To access the OpenStack Dashboard browse to http://10.211.55.4/dashboard .
Please, find your login credentials stored in the keystonerc_admin in your home directory.
 * The installation log file is available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20230131-235826-wDHV9o/openstack-setup.log
 * The generated manifests are available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20230131-235826-wDHV9o/manifests

根据提示访问http://10.211.55.4/dashboard打开OpenStack Dashboard，登录账号密码查看/root/keystonerc_admin中的OS_USERNAME和OS_PASSWORD变量获取

上传cirros镜像

执行以下命令下载cirros镜像

说明
cirros官网在国内访问可能会受限，可通过其他途径下载镜像后再上传到服务器

1	wget http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.5/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-disk.img

执行以下命令上传cirros镜像

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source /root/keystonerc_admin
glance image-create --name "cirros-0.3.5" --file /root/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-disk.img --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --visibility public --property hw_qemu_guest_agent=yes --progress

刷新OpenStack Dashboard，单击管理员>计算>镜像可以看到刚上传的cirros镜像